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A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth. The most common type of dental abscess is a periapical abscess, and the second most common is a periodontal abscess. In a periapical abscess, usually the origin is a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth.
Periapical radiograph showing peri-radicular radiolucency and bone loss caused by an odontogenic infection under the roots of two anterior teeth in a 30-year-old patient An odontogenic infection is an infection that originates within a tooth or in the closely surrounding tissues. [ 1 ]
Dental conditions such as gum disease, periapical abscesses, or tooth decay can lead to odontogenic sinusitis. Similarly, dental procedures such as tooth extractions, implant placement, or root canal treatments, particularly if they involve the posterior maxillary teeth, can also cause this condition.
Periapical periodontitis of some form is a very common condition. The prevalence of periapical periodontitis is generally reported to vary according to age group, e.g. 33% in those aged 20–30, 40% in 30- to 40-year-olds, 48% in 40- to 50-year-olds, 57% in 50- to 60-year-olds and 62% in those over the age of 60. [13]
It is a type of dental abscess. A periodontal abscess occurs alongside a tooth, and is different from the more common [2] periapical abscess, which represents the spread of infection from a dead tooth (i.e. which has undergone pulpal necrosis). To reflect this, sometimes the term "lateral (periodontal) abscess" is used.
It may develop rapidly from a periapical granuloma, as a consequence of untreated chronic periapical periodontitis. [ 1 ] Periapical is defined as "the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth " and a cyst is "a pathological cavity lined by epithelium , having fluid or gaseous content that is not created by the accumulation of pus."
Endo-Perio: infection from the pulp tissue within a tooth may spread into the bone immediately surrounding the tip, or apex, or the tooth root, forming a periapical abscess. This infection may then proliferate coronally to communicate with the margin of the alveolar bone and the oral cavity by spreading through the periodontal ligament.
Intraoral dental sinus (also termed a parulis and commonly, a gumboil) is an oral lesion characterized by a soft erythematous papule (red spot) that develops on the alveolar process in association with a non-vital tooth and accompanying dental abscess. [1] A parulis is made up of inflamed granulation tissue.