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  2. Chromium(III) chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(III)_chloride

    Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula Cr Cl 3. It forms several hydrates with the formula CrCl 3 · n H 2 O , among which are hydrates where n can be 5 (chromium(III) chloride pentahydrate CrCl 3 ·5H 2 O ) or 6 (chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate CrCl 3 ·6H 2 O ).

  3. Hexavalent chromium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium

    Hexavalent chromium (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is any chemical compound that contains the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent). [1] It has been identified as carcinogenic, which is of concern since approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. [ 2 ]

  4. Permissible exposure limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit

    The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent such as high level noise. Permissible exposure limits were established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Most of OSHA's PELs were issued shortly after adoption of ...

  5. Chromium toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_toxicity

    Chromium toxicity refers to any poisonous toxic effect in an organism or cell that results from exposure to specific forms of chromium—especially hexavalent chromium. [1] Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested. Trivalent chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to human nutrition.

  6. Drinking water quality in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water_quality_in...

    The contamination resulted in a $333 million settlement in 1996. The clean-up process is ongoing as of 2022, with monthly monitoring reports submitted by PG&E. [69] This case has led to California being the only state in the US to adopt an MCL of 10 ppb specifically for hexavalent chromium instead of relying on an overall total chromium count. [70]

  7. Chromium compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_compounds

    Chromium compounds are compounds containing the element chromium (Cr). Chromium is a member of group 6 of the transition metals. The +3 and +6 states occur most commonly within chromium compounds, followed by +2; charges of +1, +4 and +5 for chromium are rare, but do nevertheless occasionally exist. [3] [4]

  8. Chrome plating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_chrome

    Hexavalent chromium is the most toxic form of chromium. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency regulates it heavily. The EPA lists hexavalent chromium as a hazardous air pollutant because it is a human carcinogen, a "priority pollutant" under the Clean Water Act, and a "hazardous constituent" under the Resource Conservation and ...

  9. Reproductive toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_toxicity

    Hexavalent chromium ( Cr VI) is used in the electronics industry and for metal plating. [23] Chromium exposure is primarily inhalation or through ingestion. [ 24 ] Human and animal studies show that exposure to hexavalent chromium decreases semen quality and sperm counts.

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