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In a 12-lead ECG, all leads except the limb leads are assumed to be unipolar (aVR, aVL, aVF, V 1, V 2, V 3, V 4, V 5, and V 6). The measurement of a voltage requires two contacts and so, electrically, the unipolar leads are measured from the common lead (negative) and the unipolar lead (positive).
Recordings from these 12-lead monitors are of a significantly lower resolution than those from a standard 12-lead ECG, and in some cases have been shown to provide misleading ST segment representation, even though some devices allow setting the sampling frequency up to 1000 Hz for special-purpose examinations such as detection of "late potential".
One study noted that the WatchBP device was better for detecting atrial fibrillation than single-lead ECGs because of its higher specificity level (90 vs 76%, respectively), which would prevent many unnecessary refers for a 12-lead ECG and therefore safes labor and healthcare costs. In addition, it does not require clinical interpretation. [9]
The use of additional ECG leads like right-sided leads V3R and V4R and posterior leads V7, V8, and V9 may improve sensitivity for right ventricular and posterior myocardial infarction. In spite of these limitations, the 12 lead ECG stands at the center of risk stratification for the patient with suspected acute myocardial infarction.
In the superimposed median beat method, a median ECG complex is constructed for each of the 12 leads. The 12 median beats are superimposed on each other and the QT interval is measured either from the earliest onset of the Q wave to the latest offset of the T wave or from the point of maximum convergence for the Q wave onset to the T wave ...
The use of additional ECG leads like right-sided leads V3R and V4R and posterior leads V7, V8, and V9 may improve sensitivity for right ventricular and posterior myocardial infarction. [citation needed] The 12 lead ECG is used to classify patients into one of three groups: [11]
The accuracy has been found to be similar to Lead 1 data of a regular 12-lead ECG. [11] 3. iHealth created a wireless ECG monitor that is placed on the chest under clothing, and the data are sent to mobile phones and is readily available for healthcare professionals. [12]
In 1971, the Lifepak 911 was released with 12-lead ECG monitoring capability, with the Lifepak 2 being released the following year. The Lifepak 2 was designed specifically for rapid-response vehicles in emergency services, and was the first to allow transmission of ECGs via telephone to hospitals for prehospital assessment by cardiologists.