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The first anthraquinone-based synthetic vat dye was indanthrone (C.I. Vat Blue 4) - the synthesis of which was developed by René Bohn in 1901: Synthesis of indanthrone By dimerization of 2-aminoanthraquinone ( 1 ) under strongly alkaline conditions at 220-235 °C, intermediate stage 3 is obtained in two steps, which is cyclized ...
Vat dyes are a class of dyes that are classified as such because of the method by which they are applied. Vat dyeing is a process that refers to dyeing that takes place in a bucket or vat. The original vat dye is indigo , once obtained only from plants but now often produced synthetically.
The anthraquinone is reduced to 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene which then can react with lignin. The lignin is degraded and becomes more watersoluble and thereby more easy to wash away from the pulp, while the anthraquinone is regenerated. This process gives an increase in yield of pulp, typically 1–3% and a reduction in kappa number. [8]
The name "anthraquinone" was first used by German chemists Carl Graebe and Carl Theodore Liebermann in a 1868 publication describing the chemical synthesis of the red dye alizarin from anthracene, a component of coal tar. This discovery led to the industrial production of alizarin and the impetus for further research on anthraquinone chemistry. [1]
Indanthrone is utilized as a blue pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 60), primarily in the process of vat dyeing, often referred to as C.I. Vat Blue 4. [8] Indanthrone is a vat dye, synthesized to provide highest color fastness for the dyeing and printing of predominantly cellulose-based textile fibers. Fabrics dyed with indanthrene fulfill the highest ...
Anthraquinone dyes are dyes derived from anthraquinone. ... Vat Orange 1; Vat Yellow 1 This page was last edited on 29 August 2020, at 20:00 (UTC). ...
Vat blue 6 69825 anthraquinone 130-20-1: Vat Blue 36: Vat blue 36 73675 indigoid 6424-69-7: Vat brown 1: Vat brown 1 70802 anthraquinone 2475-33-4: Vat Green 1: Jade green base Vat green 1 59825 anthraquinone 128-58-5: Vat Green 9: Vat black BB Vat green 9 59850 anthraquinone 6369-65-9: Vat Orange 1: Vat golden yellow RK Vat orange 1 59105 ...
The most important natural dyes - indigo, Tyrian purple, alizarin and carmine - have this partial structure. The most important synthetic carbonyl dyes are based on anthraquinone . The main advantages of carbonyl dyes are the possibility of reducing the carbonyl groups to water-soluble dienols (→ Vat dyes ), which is advantageous in ...