Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The staggered conformation is more stable by 12.5 kJ/mol than the eclipsed conformation, which is the energy maximum for ethane. In the eclipsed conformation the torsional angle is minimised. staggered conformation left, eclipsed conformation right in Newman projection
The gauche effect is very sensitive to solvent effects, due to the large difference in polarity between the two conformers.For example, 2,3-dinitro-2,3-dimethylbutane, which in the solid state exists only in the gauche conformation, prefers the gauche conformer in benzene solution by a ratio of 79:21, but in carbon tetrachloride, it prefers the anti conformer by a ratio of 58:42. [9]
1,2-Difluoroethane is a greenhouse gas when released to the atmosphere. It has a warming equivalent to 140 times that of carbon dioxide. As such it may be controlled by government regulation. The Australian government classifies 1,2-difluoroethane as an exotic synthetic greenhouse gas. [16]
More complex molecules, such as butane, have more than one possible staggered conformation. The anti conformation of butane is approximately 0.9 kcal mol −1 (3.8 kJ mol −1) more stable than the gauche conformation. [1] Both of these staggered conformations are much more stable than the eclipsed conformations.
It was found that the most stable conformations had lower energies based on values of energy due to bond distances and bond angles. [6] In many cases, isomers of alkanes with branched chains have lower boiling points than those that are unbranched, which has been shown through experimentation with isomers of C 8 H 18. This is because of a ...
After much controversy during the 1950s–1970s, the equatorial conformation was found to be more stable by 0.72 kcal/mol in the gas phase. [20] In nonpolar solvents , a range between 0.2 and 0.6 kcal/mol has been estimated, but in polar solvents the axial conformer may be more stable. [ 21 ]
Hyperconjugation can be used to rationalize a variety of chemical phenomena, including the anomeric effect, the gauche effect, the rotational barrier of ethane, the beta-silicon effect, the vibrational frequency of exocyclic carbonyl groups, and the relative stability of substituted carbocations and substituted carbon centred radicals, and the thermodynamic Zaitsev's rule for alkene stability.
The chair conformation is the most stable conformer. At 298 K (25 °C), 99.99% of all molecules in a cyclohexane solution adopt this conformation. The C–C ring of the chair conformation has the same shape as the 6-membered rings in the diamond cubic lattice. [7]: 16 This can be modeled as follows.