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The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n 2 ×n 2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [8] A puzzle can be expressed as a graph coloring problem. [9] The aim is to construct a 9-coloring of a particular graph, given a partial 9-coloring. The Sudoku graph has 81 vertices, one vertex for each cell.
A typical Sudoku puzzle. A standard Sudoku contains 81 cells, in a 9×9 grid, and has 9 boxes, each box being the intersection of the first, middle, or last 3 rows, and the first, middle, or last 3 columns. Each cell may contain a number from one to nine, and each number can only occur once in each row, column, and box.
A completed Sudoku grid is a special type of Latin square with the additional property of no repeated values in any of the nine blocks (or boxes of 3×3 cells). [25] The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n 2 ×n 2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [26]
Killer sudoku (also killer su doku, sumdoku, sum doku, sumoku, addoku, or samunanpure サムナンプレ sum-num(ber) pla(ce)) is a puzzle that combines elements of sudoku and kakuro. Despite the name, the simpler killer sudokus can be easier to solve than regular sudokus, depending on the solver's skill at mental arithmetic ; the hardest ones ...
Solving Sudoku is an exact cover problem. More precisely, solving Sudoku is an exact hitting set problem, which is equivalent to an exact cover problem, when viewed as a problem to select possibilities such that each constraint set contains (i.e., is hit by) exactly one selected possibility.
The constraints of Sudoku codes are non-linear: all symbols within a constraint (row, line, sub-grid) must be different from any other symbol within this constraint. Hence there is no all-zero codeword in Sudoku codes. Sudoku codes can be represented by probabilistic graphical model in which they take the form of a low-density parity-check code ...
[4] [5] [7] In MAA Reviews (a publication of the Mathematical Association of America), reviewer Mark Hunacek called it called it "a delightful book which I thoroughly enjoyed reading" and said "a person with very limited background in mathematics, or a person without much experience solving Sudoku puzzles, could still find something of interest ...
A graph coloring of the Sudoku graph using this number of colors (the minimum possible number of colors for this graph) can be interpreted as a solution to the puzzle. The usual form of a Sudoku puzzle, in which some cells are filled in with symbols and the rest must be filled in by the person solving the puzzle, corresponds to the precoloring ...