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A typical Sudoku puzzle. A standard Sudoku contains 81 cells, in a 9×9 grid, and has 9 boxes, each box being the intersection of the first, middle, or last 3 rows, and the first, middle, or last 3 columns. Each cell may contain a number from one to nine, and each number can only occur once in each row, column, and box.
The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n 2 ×n 2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [8] A puzzle can be expressed as a graph coloring problem. [9] The aim is to construct a 9-coloring of a particular graph, given a partial 9-coloring. The Sudoku graph has 81 vertices, one vertex for each cell.
Tanner graph of a Sudoku. denotes the entries of the Sudoku in row-scan order. denotes the constraint functions: =, …, associated with rows, =, …, associated with columns and =, …, associated with the sub-grids of the Sudoku.. There are several possible decoding methods for sudoku codes. Some algorithms are very specific developments for Sudoku codes. Several methods are described in ...
The Times offers a 12×12-grid "Dodeka Sudoku" with 12 regions of 4×3 squares. Dell Magazines regularly publishes 16×16 "Number Place Challenger" puzzles (using the numbers 1–16 or the letters A-P). Nikoli offers 25×25 "Sudoku the Giant" behemoths. A 100×100-grid puzzle dubbed Sudoku-zilla was published in 2010. [20]
Example of a Killer Sudoku problem Solution to the example above The same example problem, as it would be printed in black and white. Killer sudoku (also killer su doku, sumdoku, sum doku, sumoku, addoku, or samunanpure サムナンプレ sum-num(ber) pla(ce)) is a puzzle that combines elements of sudoku and kakuro.
A graph coloring of the Sudoku graph using this number of colors (the minimum possible number of colors for this graph) can be interpreted as a solution to the puzzle. The usual form of a Sudoku puzzle, in which some cells are filled in with symbols and the rest must be filled in by the person solving the puzzle, corresponds to the precoloring ...
[4] [5] [7] In MAA Reviews (a publication of the Mathematical Association of America), reviewer Mark Hunacek called it called it "a delightful book which I thoroughly enjoyed reading" and said "a person with very limited background in mathematics, or a person without much experience solving Sudoku puzzles, could still find something of interest ...
He has also written puzzles for events including the World Sudoku Championship, U.S. Puzzle Championship, the MIT Mystery Hunt, Gen Con, and the Microsoft Puzzle Picnic. [4] In early 2012, Snyder founded his publishing company Grandmaster Puzzles. On April 9, 2012, he began selling his first title from the newly formed company, The Art of Sudoku.