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Blood substitutes which do carry oxygen, such as PolyHeme, are also under development. [contradictory] Many doctors view acute normovolemic hemodilution, a form of storage of a patient's own blood, as a pillar of "bloodless surgery" but the technique is not an option for patients who refuse autologous blood transfusions.
Ronald Lapin (1941–May 16, 1995) was an Israeli-born American surgeon, best known as a "bloodless surgeon" due to his willingness to perform surgeries on severely anemic Jehovah's Witness patients without the use of blood transfusions. He completed medical school in New York City and established his practice in Orange County, CA, in the 1970s ...
It noted: "On the contrary, it appears that many Jehovah's Witnesses have made a deliberate choice to refuse blood transfusions in advance, free from time constraints of an emergency situation." The court said: "The freedom to accept or refuse specific medical treatment, or to select an alternative form of treatment, is vital to the principles ...
These red blood cells would mean people who require regular long-term blood transfusions could need fewer transfusions in the future. ‘Lab-grown red blood cells transfused in to person in a ...
In 1958, The Watchtower reported on a particular member of Jehovah's Witnesses who voluntarily accepted blood transfusion, contrary to Watch Tower Society doctrine. [54] The organization confirms that members have accepted blood transfusions, despite the imposition in 1961 of a communal shunning policy for willful acceptance. [55] [56]
Conflicts can also arise between health care providers, or among family members. For example, some argue that the principles of autonomy and beneficence clash when patients refuse blood transfusions, considering them life-saving; and truth-telling was not emphasized to a large extent before the HIV era.
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Patient Blood Management is an approach that can be implemented in hospital settings for taking care of people who require blood transfusions. [4] PBM includes techniques that may help ensure each person receiving a blood transfusion receives optimal treatment for their condition and also ensures that the blood supply (bank of donated blood) is maintained to ensure that all people who require ...