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A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. [1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient.
Cancer immunoprevention is the prevention of cancer onset with immunological means such as vaccines, immunostimulators or antibodies. [1] [2] Cancer immunoprevention is conceptually different from cancer immunotherapy, which aims at stimulating immunity in patients only after tumor onset, however the same immunological means can be used both in immunoprevention and in immunotherapy.
Anti-cancer vaccines can be preventive or be used as therapeutic treatment. [2] All such vaccines incite adaptive immunity by enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition and activity against tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens (TAA and TSAs). Vaccines have been developed that prevent infection by some carcinogenic viruses. [44]
To reduce the risk of cervical cancer deaths, Siegel recommends getting the Pap test and the HPV vaccine, ... M.P.H., director of NCI’s Division of Cancer Prevention, in the NCI press release. ...
Vaccines targeting common gut bacteria E.coli could reduce rates of colon cancer in countries such as the UK, scientists have suggested.. Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute have ...
Cancer vaccines can also divided into specific or universal cancer vaccine based on the types of cancer it is used for. Specific cancer vaccines are only used to treat a particular type of cancer while universal vaccine can be used to treat different types of cancer. [4]
The HPV vaccine, initially approved for adolescent girls, protects against strains of the virus linked to cervical cancer and has been found to significantly reduce rates of the cancer. But there ...
Through advances in cancer research, vaccines designed to prevent cancer have been created. The hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine that has been established to prevent cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) by preventing infection with the causative virus.