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Ivar the Boneless (Old Norse: Ívarr hinn Beinlausi [ˈiːˌwɑrː ˈhinː ˈbɛinˌlɔuse]; died c. 873), also known as Ivar Ragnarsson, was a Viking leader who invaded England and Ireland. According to the Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok , he was the son of Aslaug and her husband Ragnar Loðbrok , and was the brother of Björn Ironside , Halvdan (or ...
This identification is contingent upon Ímar being identical to Ivar the Boneless: Halfdan and Ivar are named as brothers in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. [79] [nb 14] According to the Annals of Ulster Amlaíb's son Oistin was slain in battle by "Albann" in 875. [81] This figure is generally agreed to be Halfdan. [82]
The Norwegian historian Kim Hjardar and archaeologist Vegard Vike claim that Ímar is the same person as the Dane Ivar the Boneless, and that he and the Norwegian chieftain Amlaíb Conung (Olaf the White) arrived in Ireland as leaders of a coalition of Vikings whose goal was to take control over the Viking settlements in Ireland.
Sigurd and his brothers swore they would avenge Ragnar's death. In 865–866, the Viking leaders Ivar the Boneless and Ubbe crossed the North Sea with a stor hær ("Great Army"). Traditional accounts claim that all the surviving sons of Ragnar apart from Ivar launched a first attack on Ælla's kingdom, which failed.
Ivar the Boneless was the leader of the Great Heathen Army from 865 to 870, but he disappears from English historical accounts after 870. [58] The Anglo-Saxon chronicler Æthelweard records Ivar's death as 870. [59] Halfdan Ragnarsson became the leader of the Great Heathen Army in about 870 and he led it in an invasion of Wessex. [60]
In 865, the Great Army, apparently led by Ivar the Boneless, overwintered in the Kingdom of East Anglia, before invading and destroying the Kingdom of Northumbria. In 869, having been bought off by the Mercians , the Vikings conquered the East Angles, and in the process killed their king, Edmund , a man who was later regarded as a saint and ...
Ivar becomes king over north-eastern England which his forefathers had owned (i.e. Ivar Vidfamne and Sigurd Ring), and he has two sons, Yngvar and Husto. They obey their father Ivar and torture king Edmund the Martyr and take his realm. Ragnar's sons pillage in England, Wales, France and Italy, until they come to the town of Luna in Italy.
Led by Ubba and Ivar (who may be the same historical figure as Ímar) the Vikings first took York on 1 November 866. [3] [6] Ivar's apparent motive was to avenge the death of his father, Ragnar Lodbrok. [7] The Kingdom of Northumbria was in the middle of a civil war after Ælla had driven out the previous king Osberht by force. [8]