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Hill's cipher machine, from figure 4 of the patent. In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra.Invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, it was the first polygraphic cipher in which it was practical (though barely) to operate on more than three symbols at once.
This was followed up over the next fifty years with the closely related four-square and two-square ciphers, which are slightly more cumbersome but offer slightly better security. [1] In 1929, Lester S. Hill developed the Hill cipher, which uses matrix algebra to encrypt blocks of any desired length. However, encryption is very difficult to ...
The book cipher is a type of homophonic cipher, one example being the Beale ciphers. This is a story of buried treasure that was described in 1819–21 by use of a ciphered text that was keyed to the Declaration of Independence. Here each ciphertext character was represented by a number.
Classical ciphers do not satisfy these much stronger criteria and hence are no longer of interest for serious applications. Some techniques from classical ciphers can be used to strengthen modern ciphers. For example, the MixColumns step in AES is a Hill cipher. [6]
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The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone , but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use.
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Copiale cipher: Solved in 2011 1843 "The Gold-Bug" cryptogram by Edgar Allan Poe: Solved (solution given within the short story) 1882 Debosnys cipher: Unsolved 1885 Beale ciphers: Partially solved (1 out of the 3 ciphertexts solved between 1845 and 1885) 1897 Dorabella Cipher: Unsolved 1903 "The Adventure of the Dancing Men" code by Arthur ...