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Heinz Kohut has emphasized in his self psychology the distinction between horizontal and vertical forms of splitting. [68] Traditional psychoanalysis saw repression as forming a horizontal barrier between different levels of the mind – so that for example an unpleasant truth might be accepted superficially but denied in a deeper part of the ...
In Gestalt psychology, figure–ground perception is known as identifying a figure from the background. For example, black words on a printed paper are seen as the "figure", and the white sheet as the "background". In ambigrams, the typographic space of the background is used as negative space to form new letters and new words.
It is a paper and pencil test that asks participants to cross out any letter "d" with two marks around above it or below it in any order. [2] The surrounding distractors are usually similar to the target stimulus, for example a "p" with two marks or a "d" with one or three marks. [ 3 ]
A commonly cited example of vertical décalage "can be observed between the constitution of practical or sensorimotor space and that of representative space "[6] For example, at the age of 2, a child can navigate around a familiar environment, such as their home. It is not until years later that they can represent this knowledge symbolically by ...
The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) is a formal theory and a mathematical psychology framework for scoring how complex a behavior is. [4] Developed by Michael Lamport Commons and colleagues, [3] it quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of how the information is organized, [5] in terms of information science.
Vertical thinking (linear thinking) focused on items that are associated with using analytic thinking, external data, and factual information. An example of an item used to measure linear thinking involves the phrase "I primarily weigh quantitative factors when making a decision about a large purchase or investment, such as my age, budget needs ...
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Feature integration theory is a theory of attention developed in 1980 by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade that suggests that when perceiving a stimulus, features are "registered early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately" and at a later stage in processing.