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The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [ 1 ]
Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.
The contribution of Cori cycle lactate to overall glucose production increases with fasting duration. [14] Specifically, after 12, 20, and 40 hours of fasting by human volunteers, the contribution of Cori cycle lactate to gluconeogenesis was 41%, 71%, and 92%, respectively.
In similar manner, in muscles the use of pyruvate for transamination gives alanine, which is carried by the bloodstream to the liver (the overall reaction being termed glucose-alanine cycle). Here other transaminases regenerate pyruvate, which provides a valuable precursor for gluconeogenesis.
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In addition to Cori Cycle, the lactate shuttle hypothesis proposes complementary functions of lactate in multiple tissues. Contrary to the long-held belief that lactate is formed as a result of oxygen-limited metabolism, substantial evidence exists that suggests lactate is formed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as a result of substrate supply and equilibrium dynamics.
The M4+2 engine, also known as the double-piston internal combustion engine, is a type of internal combustion engine invented by Polish patent holder Piotr Mężyk. [1] The M4+2 engine took its name from a combination of two-stroke engines and four-stroke engines. The two-stroke combustion engine is characterized by a simple construction and ...
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Gary W. Loveman joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 3.6 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.