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Atmospheric nitrogen is less biologically available than dissolved nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrates. Availability of dissolved nitrogen may contribute to algal blooms . Ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen are often measured as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen , and analysis for inorganic forms of nitrogen may be performed for more accurate ...
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms are responsible for the sulfurous odors of salt marshes and mud flats. Much of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides. These metal sulfides, such as ferrous sulfide (FeS), are insoluble and often black or brown, leading to the dark color of sludge. [2]
Ion chromatography is a sensitive and stable technique that can measure lithium, ammonium NH 4 and many other low molecular weight ions using ion exchange technology. Gas chromatography can be used to determine methane, carbon dioxide, cyanide, oxygen, nitrogen and many other volatile components at reasonable sensitivities.
A common nitrate test, known as the brown ring test [2] can be performed by adding iron(II) sulfate to a solution of a nitrate, then slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid such that the acid forms a layer below the aqueous solution. A brown ring will form at the junction of the two layers, indicating the presence of the nitrate ion. [3]
Two sulfate nitrates are in the class of anthropogenic compounds, accidentally made as a result of human activities in fertilizers that are a mix of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and also in the atmosphere as polluting ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide react with the oxygen and water there to form solid particles.
[clarification needed] The use of fossil fuels and motor exhaust are the largest anthropogenic contributors to sulfuric gases and nitrogen oxides, respectively. [21] Aluminum is one of the few elements capable of making soil more acidic. [22] This is achieved by aluminum taking hydroxide ions out of water, leaving hydrogen ions behind. [23]
When measuring water treated with water softeners, high levels of total dissolved solids do not correlate to hard water, as water softeners do not reduce TDS; rather, they replace magnesium and calcium ions, which cause hard water, with an equal charge of sodium or potassium ions, e.g. Ca 2+ ⇌ 2 Na +, leaving overall TDS unchanged [9] or even ...
This is a common laboratory test to determine if sulfate anions are present. The sulfate ion can act as a ligand attaching either by one oxygen (monodentate) or by two oxygens as either a chelate or a bridge. [7] An example is the complex Co 2 (SO 4)] + Br − [7] or the neutral metal complex PtSO 4 (PPh 3) 2] where the sulfate ion is acting as ...