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Paramecium caudatum [1] is a species of unicellular protist in the phylum Ciliophora. [2] They can reach 0.33 mm in length and are covered with minute hair-like organelles called cilia. [3] The cilia are used in locomotion and feeding. [2] The species is very common, and widespread in marine, brackish and freshwater environments. [4] [5]
The question of whether Paramecium exhibit learning has been the object of a great deal of experimentation, yielding equivocal results. However, a study published in 2006 seems to show that Paramecium caudatum may be trained, through the application of a 6.5 volt electric current, to discriminate between brightness levels. [29]
Stages of conjugation Stages of conjugation in Paramecium caudatum. In Paramecium caudatum, the stages of conjugation are as follows (see diagram at right): Compatible mating strains meet and partly fuse; The micronuclei undergo meiosis, producing four haploid micronuclei per cell. Three of these micronuclei disintegrate. The fourth undergoes ...
Paramecium Müller, 1773; Physanter Jankowski, 1975; Parameciidae is a family of ciliates in the order Peniculida. Members of this family have differentiated anterior ...
Transmission electron micrograph of a thin section of the surface of the ciliate Paramecium putrinum, showing the alveoli (red arrows) under the cell surface. Almost all sequenced mitochondrial genomes of ciliates and apicomplexa are linear. [5] The mitochondria almost all carry mtDNA of their own but with greatly reduced genome sizes.
Paramecium bursaria is a species of ciliate found in marine and brackish waters. [1] It has a mutualistic endosymbiotic relationship with green algae called Zoochlorella . About 700 Chlorella cells live inside the protist's cytoplasm and provide it with food, while the Paramecium provides the algae with movement and protection. [ 2 ]
The Russian ecologist Georgii Gause demonstrated the tendency toward extinction among predator–prey populations with a series of experiments in 1934. He found that in experiments with Didinium nasutum (predator) and Paramecium caudatum (prey), D. nausatum overexploited P. caudatum leading first to its extinction and subsequently to its own. [7]
Two species, S. caudatum and S. semivirescens, have missing information in the table due to the limited amount of research completed. Spirostomum caudatum is characterized mainly by its long thin tail, while Spirostomum semivirescens is identified by the presence of zoochlorellae (endosymbiotic algae) in its cytoplasm, providing its bright ...