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The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The commission was authorized by United States Congress in 1893 to execute the General Allotment Act of 1887 .
It was not an orderly process. The Dawes Rolls of 1902 listed 41,798 citizens of the Cherokee Nation, and 4,924 persons listed separately as Freedmen. Intermarried whites, mostly men, were also listed separately. The genealogist Angela Y. Walton-Raji said that together, the Five Civilized Tribes had nearly 20,000 Freedmen listed on the Dawes Rolls.
Basing citizenship off the Dawes Rolls and other rolls is what scholar Fay A. Yarbrough calls "dramatically different from older conceptions of Cherokee identity based on clan relationship’s, in which individuals could be fully Cherokee without possessing any Cherokee ancestry" and that by the tribe later "developing a quantifiable definition ...
The roll was compiled by Interior Department Special Commissioner Guion Miller. Miller used previous applications and rolls in order to verify the tribal citizenship of applicants to the roll. [1] The Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians use the Guion Miller Roll and the Dawes Rolls in order to determine tribal ...
In 2001, she applied for citizenship in the Cherokee Nation but was denied because her ancestor was listed as a Freedman on the Dawes Rolls without a "degree of Indian blood" designation. [2] In 2003, Vann filed a lawsuit against the U.S. government, asking them to enforce the 1866 Treaty that granted citizenship rights to Cherokee Freedmen and ...
The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee (Creek), Cherokee, and Seminole.
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