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In solid mechanics, a bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bend. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam .
Therefore, the effect of dorsolateral (α) trajectory and the distance between a given hypaxial muscle layer and the neutral axis of bending (z) on muscle fiber strain (ε) can be studied. [ 8 ] Brainerd and Azizi found that longitudinal contractions of the constant volume hypaxial muscles were compensated by an increase in the dorsoventral ...
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on.
For example, bending the elbow, or clenching a hand into a fist, are examples of flexion. When a person is sitting down, the knees are flexed. When a person is sitting down, the knees are flexed. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, flexion is movement in the anterior direction. [ 10 ]
Anatomy is often described in planes, referring to two-dimensional sections of the body. A section is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut. A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. Three planes are commonly referred to in anatomy and medicine: [1] [2]: 4
In molecular biology, an axoneme, also called an axial filament, is the microtubule-based cytoskeletal structure that forms the core of a cilium or flagellum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Cilia and flagella are found on many cells , organisms , and microorganisms , to provide motility.
In human anatomy, the anatomical planes are defined in reference to a body in the upright or standing orientation. A transverse plane (also known as axial or horizontal plane) is parallel to the ground; it separates the superior from the inferior, or the head from the feet.
Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Text taken from Anatomy and Physiology , J. Gordon Betts et al, Openstax. The category used for the pages including the contents of this project is [[Category: Free content from Openstax Anatomy and Physiology]] The reference to the textbook can be done in this format: [1] Image category: Images from the textbook