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Ba'er Hetev (also B’er Heteb [1] or Ba'er Heiteiv; Hebrew: באר היטב lit. "explaining well" or "explained well", based on Deut. 27:8; the vocalization "Be'er" is a traditional alternative) is a Hebrew commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, the chief codification of Jewish law. The commentary's two halves were authored by different individuals.
The strongest criticism against all such codes of Jewish law is the contention that they inherently violate the principle that halakha must be decided according to the later sages; this principle is commonly known as hilkheta ke-vatra'ei ("the halakha follows the later ones"). A modern commentator, Menachem Elon explains:
[1] [2] It focuses on the Orach Chaim and Yoreh Deah sections of the Shulchan Aruch, and includes laws of daily life, Shabbat, holidays and so on. It is divided into 221 chapters (called simanim ). As this work was written for the laity, it is not as detailed as the Shulchan Aruch itself, while generally following the Shulchan Aruch's structure.
Yoreh De'ah (Hebrew: יורה דעה) is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), the Arba'ah Turim, written around 1300. [1] This section treats all aspects of Jewish law not pertinent to the Hebrew calendar, finance, torts, marriage, divorce, or sexual conduct. (Nevertheless there exists occasional overlap ...
Laws concerning foundations of the Torah (Mitzvot: 1 - 10) Laws concerning temperament (Mitzvot: 11 - 21) Laws concerning studying Torah (Mitzvot: 22 - 23) Laws concerning idolatry (Mitzvot: 24 - 74) Laws concerning repentance (Mitzvah 75)
A law is de'oraita (Aramaic: דאורייתא, "of the Torah," i.e. scriptural) if it was given with the written Torah. A law is derabbanan (Aramaic: דרבנן, "of our rabbis," Rabbinic) if it is ordained by the rabbinical sages. [1] The concepts of de'oraita and derabbanan are used extensively in Jewish law.
Later, Rabbi Yosef Karo modeled the framework of his own compilation of practical Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, after the Arba'ah Turim. [3] Many later commentators used this framework as well. Thus, "Even Ha'ezer" in common usage may refer to an area of halakha non-specific to Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation.
The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards is the central authority on halakha (Jewish law and tradition) within Conservative Judaism; it is one of the most active and widely known committees on the Conservative movement's Rabbinical Assembly. Within the movement it is known as the CJLS. The current chairman of the CJLS is Rabbi Pamela Barmash.