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Bhattan de Savaiye (Punjabi: ਭੱਟਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਵਈਏ; bhaṭāṁ dē sava'ī'ē), also known as Bhatt Bani (Gurmukhi: ਭੱਟ ਬਾਣੀ; bhaṭa bāṇī), is a name given to 123 Savaiyas composed by various Bhatts, which are present in Guru Granth Sahib, scripture of Sikhs.
Most hymns contained within the Guru Granth Sahib are in the Pade form, which was a popular form within the prevailing Indian music between the 16th and 17th centuries. [1] During the time period when Sikh hymns were composed, the dhrupad form was popular in northern Indian mandirs whilst the kritī form dominated in south Indian mandirs. [1]
It is taken from the Chandi Charitar Ukati Bilas composition of the Dasam Granth, and is generally understood as being composed by Guru Gobind Singh. [1] [2] It is written in the form of a quatrain or savaiya. [1] [3] [4] Sikh groups have incorporated it as a national anthem for Sikhs.
The Guru Granth Sahib is very sacred so it can only be recited in a prescribed ritualistic manner. Small anthologies called Gutka Sahib or Panj Granthi began to be made for recitation of certain hymns in private setting. They are usually small and easily fit in the hand of a person.
Gurbani (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ, pronunciation: [ɡɝbaːɳiː], lit. the Guru's words) is a Sikh term, very commonly used by Sikhs to refer to various compositions by the Sikh Gurus and other writers of Guru Granth Sahib. In general, hymns in the central text of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahib, are called Gurbani.
Parmanand das ji and Surdas ji both take initiation from the same guru ( i. e. Shri vallabhacharya ji). Parmanand's hymn, which was incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib (p. 1253) subscribes to this view. In this hymn, he disapproves of the ritualistic reading and hearing of the sacred books If that has not disposed to the service of fellow beings.
Bhatt Gayand was a Brahmin bard in the court of Guru Arjan, whose 13 hymns are present in Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture of the Sikhs. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The Guru Granth Sahib is taken care of by a Granthi, who is responsible for reciting from the sacred hymns and leading Sikh prayers. The Granthi also acts as caretaker for the Guru Granth Sahib, keeping the scripture covered in clean cloths, known as rumala, to protect from heat and dust.