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Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage, [ 1 ] including as a consequence of medical device implantation.
Stippled epiphyses is a pattern of focal bone calcification. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in one or more epiphyses. It is seen in chondrodysplasia punctata and in Keutel syndrome. It is also caused by use of warfarin, alcohol, and in hypothyroidism. [1]
Micromelia, polydactyly and ectopic calcification, or the built up of calcium in the soft tissues of the body, may all occur. Eighty to ninety nine percent of effected individuals will have abnormally ossified vertebrae, abnormal pelvis bone ossification, anterior rib punctate calcifications and brachydactyly. [7]
Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue, [1] [2] causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. [3]
Patients can show craniofacial abnormalities (such as a high forehead, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, and a large fontanelle), hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), chondrodysplasia punctata (punctate calcification of the cartilage in specific regions of the body), eye abnormalities, and renal cysts. [4]
A phlebolith is a small local, usually rounded, calcification within a vein. These are very common in the veins of the lower part of the pelvis , and they are generally of no clinical importance. When located in the pelvis they are sometimes difficult to differentiate from kidney stones in the ureters on X-ray .
Basophilic stippling, also known as punctate basophilia, is the presence of numerous basophilic granules that are dispersed through the cytoplasm of erythrocytes in a peripheral blood smear. They can be demonstrated to be RNA .
The physiological findings that correlate with worsening portal hypertensive gastropathy include an increased portal venous pressure gradient and decreased hepatic blood flow. [4] Biopsies of the stomach in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy show ectatic (or dilated) blood vessels, evidence of bleeding by means of red blood cells in ...