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The cyclin D1-expressing lymphocytes generally populate the inner layers of the marginal zone but on occasion some of these cells may be identified in the germinal centers surrounded by these marginal zones as well as in the bone marrow. The cells do not disrupt the overall architecture of the involved follicles.
In general, a bone marrow biopsy is part of the "work up" for the analysis of these diseases. All specimens are examined microscopically to determine the nature of the malignancy. A number of these diseases can now be classified by cytogenetics (AML, CML) or immunophenotyping (lymphoma, myeloma, CLL) of the malignant cells. [citation needed]
Lymphoproliferative disorders are a set of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes into a monoclonal lymphocytosis. The two major types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells, which are derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
Lymphoblasts can also refer to immature cells which typically differentiate to form mature lymphocytes. [2] Normally, lymphoblasts are found in the bone marrow, but in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), lymphoblasts proliferate uncontrollably and are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood. The size is between 10 and 20 μm. [3]
The lymphocyte subtypes are B-cells that share certain features with the abnormal clones of lymphocytes that circulate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocyte lymphoma (CLL/SLL) or, less frequently, other types of B-cell malignancies. Some individuals with these circulating B-cells develop CLL/SLL or the lymphoma types indicated by ...
Reactive lymphocyte surrounded by red blood cells. In immunology, reactive lymphocytes, variant lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, Downey cells or Türk cells are cytotoxic (CD8 +) lymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. Typically, they can be more than 30 μm in diameter with varying size and shape.
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM, also termed multiple myeloma), is a common cancer in which malignant plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow or form soft tissue masses termed plasmacytomas. Rarely, EBV may be associated with this disease, particularly in individuals with an Immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV/AIDS, history of organ transplantation) or chronic ...
Histology of a normal lymphoid follicle, with marginal zone annotated at bottom.. Numerous factors appear to be involved in the development of EMZL. In a small number of cases where there is a family history of a blood cancer particularly leukemia, or a number of autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome and lupus erythematosus, there is seen to be an increased frequency.