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The 19th century saw the United States transition from an isolationist, post-colonial regional power to a Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific power. From 1790 to 1797, the U.S. Revenue Marine served as the United States' only armed maritime service, tasked with enforcing export duties, and was the predecessor to the United States Coast Guard.
Since the 19th century, the United States government has participated and interfered, both overtly and covertly, in the replacement of many foreign governments. In the latter half of the 19th century, the U.S. government initiated actions for regime change mainly in Latin America and the southwest Pacific, including the Spanish–American and Philippine–American wars.
However the Tet Offensive proved a public relations disaster for Johnson, as the public increasingly realized the United States was deeply involved in a war that few people understood. [citation needed] Civilians shot by American soldiers in the My Lai massacre. Starting in 1964, the antiwar movement began. Some opposed the war on moral grounds ...
The United States has close ties with the European Union, and it is a member of NATO along with several European countries. The United States has close relations with most countries of Europe. Much of American foreign policy has involved combating the Soviet Union in the 20th century and Russia in the 21st century.
— President George Washington, preparing to leave office and troubled by the French Revolutionary Wars in Europe, issues his famous Farewell Address urging Americans to avoid involvement in foreign wars, beginning a century of isolationism as the predominant foreign policy of the United States.
United States non-interventionism primarily refers to the foreign policy that was eventually applied by the United States between the late 18th century and the first half of the 20th century whereby it sought to avoid alliances with other nations in order to prevent itself from being drawn into wars that were not related to the direct territorial self-defense of the United States.
The United States was first referred to as a superpower in 1944; In July 1945, the United States conducted the first nuclear test, and one month later became the first and only country to use nuclear weapons in war; Collapse of Nazi Germany; Fall of Japanese Empire and Italian Empire; End of Fascism in Europe and Japanese militarism in Asia ...
International affairs in the first half of this period were dominated by the Napoleonic Wars, which the United States became involved with in various ways, including the War of 1812. The period saw the U.S. double in size, gaining control of Florida and lands between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.