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Damage to hair cells can cause damage to the vestibular system and therefore cause difficulties in balancing. However, other vertebrates, such as the frequently studied zebrafish, and birds have hair cells that can regenerate. [5] [6] The human cochlea contains on the order of 3,500 inner hair cells and 12,000 outer hair cells at birth. [7]
Once outer hair cells are damaged, they do not regenerate, and the result is a loss of sensitivity and an abnormally large growth of loudness (known as recruitment) in the part of the spectrum that the damaged cells serve. [13] While hearing loss has always been considered irreversible in mammals, fish and birds routinely repair such damage.
Structural damage to hair cells (primarily the outer hair cells) will result in hearing loss that can be characterized by an attenuation and distortion of incoming auditory stimuli. During hair cell death 'scars' develop, which prevent potassium rich fluid of the endolymph from mixing with the fluid on the basal domain. [86]
Research is still working on how to regenerate inner hair cells. Currently, once hair cell damage is done, hearing loss is irreversible. The best way to prevent acoustic trauma is to protect your ...
[1] [2] Supporting cells are also responsible for removing damaged hair cells from the inner ear. [2] Outer hair cell and Deiter's cell. Hair cells and most supporting cells are ectoderm-derived. [2] The main types of supporting cells are Hensen's cells, Deiters’ cells, Claudius cells, inner phalangeal cells, and inner and outer pillar cells. [1]
Sensory hearing loss often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient cochlear hair cells. [disputed – discuss] Hair cells may be abnormal at birth or damaged during the lifetime of an individual. There are both external causes of damage, including infection, and ototoxic drugs, as well as intrinsic causes, including genetic mutations.
OAEs are a measurement of the activity of outer hair cells in the cochlea, and noise-induced hearing loss occurs as a result of damage to the outer hair cells in the cochlea. [12] [13] Therefore, the damage or loss of some outer hair cells will likely show up on OAEs before showing up on the audiogram. [12]
Outer hair cells are more susceptible to damage, which can result in less sensitivity to weak sounds. Frequency sensitivity is also affected by cochlear damage which can impair the patient's ability to distinguish between spectral differences of vowels.
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