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In medicine, nodules are small firm lumps, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If filled with fluid they are referred to as cysts . [ 2 ] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules .
The gastric lymph nodes are lymph nodes (also known as lymph glands) which drain the stomach and consist of two sets, superior and inferior: The superior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores) accompany the left gastric artery and are divisible into three groups: Upper, on the stem of the artery;
Another concept is that one of the supraclavicular nodes corresponds to the end node along the thoracic duct and hence the enlargement. [3] Differential diagnosis of an enlarged Virchow's node includes lymphoma, various intra-abdominal malignancies, breast cancer, and infection (e.g. of the arm).
Less than 5% of stomach cancers occur in people under 40 years of age, with 81.1% of that 5% in the age-group of 30 to 39 and 18.9% in the age-group of 20 to 29. [102] In 2014, stomach cancer resulted in 0.61% of deaths (13,303 cases) in the United States. [103] In China, stomach cancer accounted for 3.56% of all deaths (324,439 cases).
Primary gastric lymphoma (lymphoma that originates in the stomach itself) [1] is an uncommon condition, accounting for less than 15% of gastric malignancies and about 2% of all lymphomas. However, the stomach is a very common extranodal site for lymphomas (lymphomas originate elsewhere and metastasise to the stomach). [ 2 ]
Less common areas of metastasis include the lungs, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes or bones. [14] GISTs are thought to arise from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), that are normally part of the autonomic nervous system of the intestine. [3] They serve a pacemaker function in controlling motility.
Meal consumption causes distention of the stomach, leading to stimulation of the parasympathetic vagus nerve in the gastric mucosa, [13] which causes the release of GRP protein. In gastrinoma, GRP protein causes larger than normal amounts of gastrin secretion, which leads to hyperplasia of the parietal cells .
Nodule may refer to: Nodule (geology), a small rock or mineral cluster; Manganese nodule, a metallic concretion found on the seafloor; Nodule (medicine), a small aggregation of cells; Root nodule, a growth on the roots of legumes; A feature of mollusc sculpture; Nodule of vermis, an external feature of the cerebellum