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  2. Panic of 1930 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1930

    The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta opened the discount window to solvent member banks which had illiquid securities and needed liquidity. Banks under the Atlanta Fed had a lower failure rate than those under the St. Louis Fed, lending credence to the theory that the panic was largely an issue of liquidity rather than solvency.

  3. History of monetary policy in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_monetary_policy...

    Instruments of monetary policy have included short-term interest rates and bank reserves through the monetary base. [1]With the creation of the Bank of England in 1694, which acquired the responsibility to print notes and back them with gold, the idea of monetary policy as independent of executive action began to be established. [2]

  4. IS/MP model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS/MP_model

    An increase in the interest rate, from a leftward shift of the MP curve or higher level of inflation, produces lower total output, Q. The IS curve displays a negative relationship between the real interest rate, located on the vertical axis, and total output, on the horizontal axis.

  5. Monetary policy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_policy

    Other policy tools include communication strategies like forward guidance and in some countries the setting of reserve requirements. Monetary policy is often referred to as being either expansionary (stimulating economic activity and consequently employment and inflation) or contractionary (dampening economic activity, hence decreasing ...

  6. Taylor rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_rule

    The monetary policy of the Federal Reserve changed throughout the 20th century. The period between the 1960s and the 1970s is evaluated by Taylor and others as a period of poor monetary policy; the later years typically characterized as stagflation. The inflation rate was high and increasing, while interest rates were kept low. [6]

  7. Mundell–Fleming model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundell–Fleming_model

    But in the Mundell–Fleming open economy model with perfect capital mobility, monetary policy becomes ineffective. An expansionary monetary policy resulting in an incipient outward shift of the LM curve would make capital flow out of the economy. The central bank under a fixed exchange rate system would have to instantaneously intervene by ...

  8. Monetary policy of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the...

    The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is composed of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and 5 out of the 12 Federal Reserve Bank presidents; the monetary policy is implemented by all twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks. The presidents of the Federal Reserve Banks are nominated by each bank's respective Board of Directors, but must also ...

  9. Strong dollar policy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_dollar_policy

    There was a twenty-six percent appreciation of the dollar between 1980 and 1984 [22] as the result of a combination of tight monetary policy during the 1980-82 period under Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker and expansionary fiscal policy associated with Ronald Reagan's administration during the 1982-84 period