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War of Independence: 1809–1826: Foundational Period: 1821–1842: Protectorate of Peru: ... This is a list of years in Peru. See also the timeline of Peruvian ...
The starting date for the guano era is commonly considered to be 1845, the year in which Castilla started his first administration. It ended shortly after the war between Spain and Peru in 1866. [citation needed]
Peruvian War of Independence: San Martín declared the independence of Peru. 1824: 9 December: Battle of Ayacucho: The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of Spanish rule in South America. 1837: 9 May: The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established. 1839: 25 August: The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was officially dissolved. 1866: 2 May
This is a list of those who have served as President of the Republic of Peru (head of state and head of government of Peru) from its establishment to the present.The office was established by the 1822 Constituent Congress, after the resignation of José de San Martín to his position as Protector of Peru and his subsequent departure from the country.
Peru declared independence from Spain in 1821, but achieved independence only after the Battle of Ayacucho three years later. Modern historiography of Peru divides its history into three main periods: [2] A pre-Hispanic period, which lasts from the first civilizations of the region to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
Consistent with the independence of Peru, in April 1825, the Sucre campaign in Upper Peru ended and, in November of that same year, the Spanish castle of San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz surrendered to Mexico. Finally, in January 1826, the Spanish strongholds of Callao and Chiloé fell. Spain renounced all its American continental domains in 1836.
The twenty-year period begins on July 28, 1821, when General José de San Martín of the Liberating Expedition of Peru declared the Independence of Peru to a crowd gathered under the balcony of the Casa del Oidor, located at the main square of Lima, until then the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Because Peru was the stronghold of the Spanish government in South America, San Martín's strategy to liberate Peru was to use diplomacy. He sent representatives to Lima urging the Viceroy that Peru be granted independence, however, all negotiations proved unsuccessful. San Martín proclaiming the independence of Peru. Painting by Juan Lepiani.