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In 1954, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) decided to sponsor systematic research on the progress of humane techniques in the laboratory. [2] In October of that year, William Russell, described as a brilliant young zoologist who happened to be also a psychologist and a classical scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, were appointed to inaugurate a systematic study of ...
Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. [ 1 ]
The Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has worked with scientists, since 1981, to find new methods to replace the use of laboratory animals in experiments, reduce the number of animals tested, and refine necessary tests to eliminate pain and distress (the Three Rs as described in Russell and Burch's Principles of Humane Experimental Technique). [1]
Replacing Animal Research is a charity based in Nottingham, UK, they fund and promotes alternatives to animal testing. Replacing Animal Research was founded in London in 1969 by animal lover Dorothy Hegarty to promote and assist research into new techniques and valid scientific substitutes to replace animal research in medical, biological and ...
The philosophy of NEAVS emphasizes that the use of animals in research, testing, and education is unscientific, as shown in numerous studies; is unnecessary due to the availability of and continuing development of alternatives that yield results superior to animal use; and that the humane and ethical arguments against the suffering and death of ...
A spokesperson for the UK-based Understanding Animal Research organisation was sceptical about the scientists’ claims, saying: “Those who do animal testing are also the biggest investors in ...
Animal testing, science, medicine, animal welfare, animal rights, ethics Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals , such as model organisms , in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
Doctors Against Animal Experiments (DAAE; Ärzte gegen Tierversuche) is an animal rights organization based in Cologne, which campaigns for the complete abolition of animal testing under the motto "Medical progress is important - animal testing is the wrong way".