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Diagram of a closed cycle OTEC plant. Closed-cycle systems use fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia (having a boiling point around -33 °C at atmospheric pressure), to power a turbine to generate electricity. Warm surface seawater is pumped through a heat exchanger to vaporize the fluid. The expanding vapor turns the turbo-generator.
In closed systems, the expense of the exchangers represents the largest cost of the OTEC plant, with a 100MW plant requiring 200 exchangers the size of 20 foot shipping containers. [ 9 ] In 2010, Makai Ocean Engineering was contracted to construct computer models to evaluate whether a Mist lift power generation plant would be competitive with ...
Because the net variation in state properties during a thermodynamic cycle is zero, it forms a closed loop on a P-V diagram. A P-V diagram's abscissa, Y axis, shows pressure (P) and ordinate, X axis, shows volume (V). The area enclosed by the loop is the net work done by the processes, i.e. the cycle:
Closed-cycle gas turbine schematic C compressor and T turbine assembly w high-temperature heat exchanger ʍ low-temperature heat exchanger ~ mechanical load, e.g. electric generator. A closed-cycle gas turbine is a turbine that uses a gas (e.g. air, nitrogen, helium, argon, [1] [2] etc.) for the working fluid as part of a closed thermodynamic ...
These engines may be based on a number of thermodynamic cycles encompassing both open cycle devices such as those of Sir George Cayley [3] and John Ericsson [4] and the closed cycle engine of Robert Stirling. [5] Hot air engines are distinct from the better known internal combustion based engine and steam engine.
A male humpback has completed the longest recorded migration for a whale from South America to Africa. Scientists explain why this journey is so unusual.
Working fluids are often categorized on the basis of the shape of their T–s diagram. An isentropic process is depicted as a vertical line on a T–s diagram, whereas an isothermal process is a horizontal line. [2] Example T–s diagram for a thermodynamic cycle taking place between a hot reservoir (T H) and a cold reservoir (T C).
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