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Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. [3] Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [5]
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland.The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ.
It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than in men. [1] Often, it starts between the ages of 40 and 60, but can begin at any age. [6] It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (about 50 to 80% of cases). [1] [4] The condition is named after Irish surgeon Robert Graves, who described it in 1835. [6]
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, says Dr. Amy S. Chang, MD, a clinical associate professor of medicine and head of the division of Diabetes & Endocrinology at Scripps ...
Hyperthyroidism is associated with high sex hormone-binding globulin , which may result in high serum estradiol levels in girls and testosterone levels in boys. However, unbound or free levels of these hormones are decreased. Hyperthyroidism before the age of four may cause neurodevelopmental delay.
Some do so only a few months after treatment while others may not be affected for 20–30 years. Hypothyroidism patients must begin a lifelong regimen of thyroid replacement hormones. While the onset of hypothyroidism is most common with radio-iodine treatment, the condition has been observed in patients treated with medication series and surgery.
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Hyperthyroidism—in which there is an increase in the production of thyroid hormones—leads to a high BMR, while hypothyroidism—in which thyroid hormones are depleted—causes a low BMR. [ 1 ] Prolonged periods of abnormal nutrition cause an adaptive change in BMR; this helps the body to maintain a stable body weight in response to the ...