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Solar cell fabric is a fabric with embedded photovoltaic cells which generate electricity when exposed to light. Traditional silicon based solar cells are expensive to manufacture, rigid and fragile. Although less efficient, thin-film cells and organic polymer based cells can be produced quickly and cheaply.
However, the solar frequency spectrum approximates a black body spectrum at about 5,800 K, [1] and as such, much of the solar radiation reaching the Earth is composed of photons with energies greater than the band gap of silicon (1.12eV), which is near to the ideal value for a terrestrial solar cell (1.4eV).
Portable solar chargers are used to charge cell phones and other small electronic devices on the go. Chargers on the market today use various types of solar panels, ranging from thin film panels with efficiencies from 7-15% (amorphous silicon around 7%, CIGS closer to 15%), to the slightly more efficient monocrystalline panels which offer efficiencies up to 18%.
The first demonstration of the photovoltaic effect, by Edmond Becquerel in 1839, used an electrochemical cell. He explained his discovery in Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, "the production of an electric current when two plates of platinum or gold immersed in an acid, neutral, or alkaline solution are exposed in an uneven way to solar radiation."
Solar cells operate by absorbing light, exciting the absorber. This creates electron–hole pairs that must be separated into electrons (negative charge carriers) and holes (positive charge carriers) by asymmetry in the solar cell, provided through chemical gradients [4] or electric fields in semiconducting junctions. [5]
The primary function of a solar cell is the conversion of light energy into electrical energy by means of the photovoltaic effect. [16] In particular, polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells are promising because of their potential in low processing costs and mechanical flexibility in comparison to conventional inorganic solar cells.
To be explicit, consider the power (P) generated by a solar cell under "one-sun" illumination at the earth's surface, which corresponds to a peak solar irradiance Q=1000 Watts/m 2. [21] The cell power can be expressed as a function of the open-circuit voltage (V oc ), the short-circuit current (I sc ), and the fill factor (FF) of the cell's ...
By combining electricity and heat generation within the same component, these technologies can reach a higher overall efficiency than solar photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal (T) alone. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Significant research has gone into developing a diverse range of PVT technologies since the 1970s. [ 4 ]
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