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The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.
Firstly, it has been argued that Elton Mayo's actual role in the human relations movement is controversial and although he is attributed to be the founder of this movement, some academics believe that the concept of human relations was used well before the Hawthorne investigations, which sparked the human relations movement.
Hawthorne probably added the "w" to his surname in his early twenties, shortly after graduating from college, in an effort to dissociate himself from his notorious forebears. [5] Hawthorne's father Nathaniel Hathorne Sr. was a sea captain who died in 1808 of yellow fever in Dutch Suriname; [6] he had been a member of the East India Marine ...
During his years at Harvard, he became a member of a group of social scientists, led by Australian social psychologist Elton Mayo, the presumed father of the Human Relations Movement and also best known for his discovery of the so-called Hawthorne Effect (which in fact is widely contested [5]) in the course of his motivational research at the ...
Hawthorne satirizes both parties, though there is a particular gloomy foreshadowing mentioned early on in the story presaging the arrival of the puritans in the story, suggesting dark consequences. The youth and maiden go from being Merry Mounters to, presumably, becoming members of the Puritan community.
The human relations movement was a movement which had the primary concerns of concentrating on topics such as morale, leadership. This perspective began in the 1920s with the Hawthorne studies, which gave emphasis to "affective and socio-psychological aspects of human behavior in organizations."
After the Hawthorne Studies, Fritz J. Roethlisberger's continued to study organizational behavior, particularly human relations, at Harvard Business School. [4] His focus remained on improving worker-manager relationships, advocating for a human-centric approach to organizational studies.
George Elton Mayo (26 December 1880 – 7 September 1949) was an Australian born psychologist, [1] [2] [3] industrial researcher, and organizational theorist. [4] [5] Mayo was formally trained at the University of Adelaide, acquiring a Bachelor of Arts Degree graduating with First Class Honours, majoring in philosophy and psychology, [4] and was later awarded an honorary Master of Arts Degree ...