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By dimensional analysis, the life span of a black hole can be shown to scale as the cube of its initial mass, [15] [16]: 176–177 and Hawking estimated that any black hole formed in the early universe with a mass of less than approximately 10 12 kg would have evaporated completely by the present day. [17]
If black holes evaporate via Hawking radiation, a solar mass black hole will evaporate (beginning once the temperature of the cosmic microwave background drops below that of the black hole) over a period of 10 64 years. [152] A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 M ☉ will evaporate in around 2×10 100 years. [153]
This idea suggests that Hawking radiation stops before the black hole reaches the Planck size. Since the black hole never evaporates, information about its initial state can remain inside the black hole and the paradox disappears. But there is no accepted mechanism that would allow Hawking radiation to stop while the black hole remains macroscopic.
See Stephen Hawking through the years: Acoustic black hole. To test this prediction, Steinhauer created an analogue black hole using extremely cold atoms trapped in a laser beam. When he applied a ...
Stephen Hawking provided a ground-breaking solution to one of the most mysterious aspects of black holes, called the "information paradox." Black holes look like they 'absorb' matter. Every time a ...
1966 — Yakov Zel’dovich and Igor Novikov propose searching for black hole candidates among binary systems in which one star is optically bright and X-ray dark and the other optically dark but X-ray bright (the black hole candidate) [1] 1967 — Jocelyn Bell discovers and analyzes the first radio pulsar, direct evidence for a neutron star [2]
Black holes are often viewed as inescapable vortexes, but, in a recent talk at Harvard University, Stephen Hawking suggested they might be more like portals than prisons, reports the Boston Globe. ...
Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) [11] is a galactic X-ray source in the constellation Cygnus and was the first such source widely accepted to be a black hole. [12] [13] It was discovered in 1964 during a rocket flight and is one of the strongest X-ray sources detectable from Earth, producing a peak X-ray flux density of 2.3 × 10 −23 W/(m 2 ⋅Hz) (2.3 × 10 3 jansky).