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Corn starch mixed in water. Cornflour, cornstarch, maize starch, or corn starch (American English) is the starch derived from corn grain. [2] The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel. Corn starch is a common food ingredient, often used to thicken sauces or soups, and to make corn syrup and other sugars. [3]
Unlike other botanical sources of starch, wheat starch has a bimodal size distribution, with both smaller and larger granules ranging from 2 to 55 μm. [18] Some cultivated plant varieties have pure amylopectin starch without amylose, known as waxy starches. The most used is waxy maize, others are glutinous rice and waxy potato starch.
Modified starch, bonded with phosphate, allows the starch to absorb more water and keeps the ingredients together. [8] Modified starch acts as an emulsifier for French dressing by enveloping oil droplets and suspending them in the water. Acid-treated starch forms the shell of jelly beans. Oxidized starch increases the stickiness of batter.
Bread Flour. Comparing bread flour versus all-purpose flour, the former has the highest protein content of the refined wheat flours, clocking in at up to 14 percent.
Whole grain wheat may contain as high as 14% resistant starch, while milled wheat flour may contain only 2%. [46] Resistant starch content of cooked rice was found to decrease due to grinding; resistant starch content of oats dropped from 16 to 3% during cooking. [20] Other types of processing increase resistant starch content.
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Damaged starch can be produced, for example, during the wheat milling process, or when drying the starch cake in a starch plant. [5] There is an inverse correlation between gelatinization temperature and glycemic index. [4] High amylose starches require more energy to break up bonds to gelatinize into starch molecules.
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