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Null-terminated strings require that the encoding does not use a zero byte (0x00) anywhere; therefore it is not possible to store every possible ASCII or UTF-8 string. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] However, it is common to store the subset of ASCII or UTF-8 – every character except NUL – in null-terminated strings.
Unicode only specifies semantics for U+0009—U+000D, U+001C—U+001F, and U+0085 (the ASCII format effectors except for BS, plus the ASCII information separators and the C1 NEL). The rest of the "Cc" control codes are transparent to Unicode and their meanings are left to higher-level protocols, although interpretation as defined in ISO/IEC ...
The ability to represent a null character does not always mean the resulting string will be correctly interpreted, as many programs will consider the null to be the end of the string. Thus the ability to type it (in case of unchecked user input) creates a vulnerability known as null byte injection and can lead to security exploits. [10]
Punycode, another encoding form, enables the encoding of Unicode strings into the limited character set supported by the ASCII-based Domain Name System (DNS). The encoding is used as part of IDNA, which is a system enabling the use of Internationalized Domain Names in all scripts that are supported by Unicode.
The default string primitive in Go, [49] Julia, Rust, Swift (since version 5), [50] and PyPy [51] uses UTF-8 internally in all cases. Python (since version 3.3) uses UTF-8 internally for Python C API extensions [52] [53] and sometimes for strings [52] [54] and a future version of Python is planned to store strings as UTF-8 by default.
Punycode is a representation of Unicode with the limited ASCII character subset used for Internet hostnames.Using Punycode, host names containing Unicode characters are transcoded to a subset of ASCII consisting of letters, digits, and hyphens, which is called the letter–digit–hyphen (LDH) subset.
Go has a number of built-in types, including numeric ones (byte, int64, float32, etc.), Booleans, and byte strings (string). Strings are immutable; built-in operators and keywords (rather than functions) provide concatenation, comparison, and UTF-8 encoding/decoding. [60] Record types can be defined with the struct keyword. [61]
Rather, older 8-bit encodings such as ASCII or ISO-8859-1 are still used, forgoing Unicode support entirely, or UTF-8 is used for Unicode. [citation needed] One rare counter-example is the "strings" file introduced in Mac OS X 10.3 Panther, which is used by applications to lookup internationalized versions of messages. By default, this file is ...