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The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation .
The Roman Catechism or Catechism of the Council of Trent is a compendium of Catholic doctrine commissioned during the Counter-Reformation by the Council of Trent, to expound doctrine and to improve the theological understanding of the clergy. It was published in 1566.
A session of the Council of Trent, from an engraving. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) is considered the first pope of the Counter-Reformation, [1] and he also initiated the Council of Trent (1545–1563), tasked with institutional reform, addressing contentious issues such as corrupt bishops and priests, the sale of indulgences, and other financial ...
However, the Council of Trent re-introduced the collaboration between theologians and council Fathers, and the next centuries leading up to the First and Second Vatican Councils were generally accepting of a broader role for the learned in the Church, although the popes still kept a close eye on theologians and intervened occasionally. [37]
Examination of the Council of Trent has been translated into English by Fred Kramer and published by Concordia Publishing House, 1971–86. Diogo de Payva de Andrada, a delegate at the Council of Trent, replied to Chemnitz's Examen with what is regarded as his best work: A Defence of the Faith of Trent, published in 1578.
The Council of Trent made a number of dogmatic definitions about the sacraments and other beliefs and practices of the church, such as the following: Transubstantiation [28] Purgatory [29] Seal ("secret") of the sacrament of Confession is inviolable [30] Polygamy is a sin [31]
Commissioned by the Council of Trent, it provided "thorough discussions of each commandment" but gave greater emphasis to the seven sacraments to emphasize the Catholic belief that Christian life was dependent upon the grace solely obtained through the sacramental life provided by the Catholic Church. [12]
In the Council of Trent (1545–1563), the Catholic Church cautioned against an extreme version of sola fide in canon XIV on self-righteousness and justification without repentance, declaring: "If any one says, that man is truly absolved from his sins and justified, because that he assuredly believed himself absolved and justified; or, that no ...