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Graphic representation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. CHNOPS and CHON are mnemonic acronyms for the most common elements in living organisms. "CHON" stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of biological systems. [1] "CHNOPS" adds phosphorus and ...
The chemical element nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and can form many compounds. It can take several oxidation states; but the most common oxidation states are -3 and +3. Nitrogen can form nitride and nitrate ions. It also forms a part of nitric acid and nitrate salts.
Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds: Charge-neutral Nitric ...
When exposed to oxygen, nitric oxide converts into nitrogen dioxide: 2 • NO + O 2 → 2 • NO 2. This reaction is thought to occur via the intermediates ONOO • and the red compound ONOONO. [16] In water, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrous acid (HNO 2). The reaction is thought to proceed via the following stoichiometry:
Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N 2 O 5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that contain only nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas. [4]
These compounds are known today as nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide respectively. "Nitrous oxide" is 63.3% nitrogen and 36.7% oxygen, which means it has 80 g of oxygen for every 140 g of nitrogen. "Nitrous gas" is 44.05% nitrogen and 55.95% oxygen, which means there are 160 g of oxygen for every 140 g of nitrogen.
Commercial-grade nitrogen already contains at most 20 ppm oxygen, and specially purified grades containing at most 2 ppm oxygen and 10 ppm argon are also available. [ 80 ] In a chemical laboratory, it is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite .
About 99% of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of two species of diatomic molecules: nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The natural abundance of hydrogen (H 2 ) in the Earth's atmosphere is only of the order of parts per million, but H 2 is the most abundant diatomic molecule in the universe.