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[62] [64] Atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors like modafinil can also increase dopamine levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens in animals, but have further reduced impacts on dopamine levels compared to psychostimulants like amphetamine and methylphenidate. [65]
Armodafinil binds in vitro to the dopamine transporter (DAT) and inhibits dopamine reuptake. For modafinil, this activity has been associated in vivo with increased extracellular dopamine levels. In genetically engineered mice lacking the dopamine transporter, modafinil lacked wake-promoting activity, suggesting that this activity was DAT ...
Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling.
Similarly to modafinil, (S)-(+)-flmodafinil and (R)-(–)-flmodafinil increase dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens in animals. [1] They have been found to increase dopamine levels by up to 150 to 200% of baseline at the highest assessed dose. [1] These increases are much smaller than those elicited by amphetamine or cocaine. [1] [12]
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and eugeroic (wakefulness promoter) medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, [3] [8] [15] a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. [16]
Modafinil and armodafinil are thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). [13] [3] [4] However, additional actions are also possible and have not been ruled out. [13] Adrafinil acts as a prodrug of modafinil and hence shares its mechanism of action. [13]
If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1273 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.
JJC8-091 results in a mild, slow-onset, long-duration increase in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens in animals. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] The increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine levels with JJC8-091 are blunted relative to those with cocaine and JJC8-088 (a cocaine-like DRI) but are greater than those of JJC8-016 (an atypical DRI). [ 4 ]
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