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Segmental innervation refers to the distribution (innervation) of nerves within an organ or muscle. These nerves are attached to a segment of the spine. [1] Segmental innervation can be mapped through stimulation of the nerve at the spinal segment. [2]
The nervous system segmentation confers several developmental advantages to the vertebrate body as humans possess a body plan that is bilaterally segmented at the nervous system level. The segmentation is involved at all levels of the human nervous system with increasing level of complexity in the innervation from the brain to limbs. [1]
The classification of peripheral nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) groups the nerves into two main groups, the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems. [1] Together, these two systems provide information regarding the location and status of the limbs, organs, and the remainder of the body to the central nervous system (CNS) via ...
The vestibulocochlear nerve; The glossopharyngeal nerve; The vagus nerve; The accessory nerve; The hypoglossal nerve; The spinal nerves. The posterior divisions; The anterior divisions; The thoracic nerves; The lumbosacral plexus; The sacral and coccygeal nerves; The sympathetic nerves. The cephalic portion of the sympathetic system
The first lumbar spinal nerve (L1) [1] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 1 (L1). The three terminal branches of this nerve are the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and the genitofemoral nerves. L1 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L1.
The nerves divide into branches and the branches from different nerves join with one another, some of them also joining with lumbar or coccygeal nerve branches. These anastomoses of nerves form the sacral plexus and the lumbosacral plexus. The branches of these plexus give rise to nerves that supply much of the hip, thigh, leg and foot. [4] [6]
Lower limb. Foot. Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the lower limbs (including the feet ) which are supplied by specific cutaneous nerves . Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves , but there are minor variations in some of the details.
Along the arms and the legs, the pattern is different: the dermatomes run longitudinally along the limbs. Although the general pattern is similar in all people, the precise areas of innervation are as unique to an individual as fingerprints. An area of skin innervated by a single nerve is called a peripheral nerve field.