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The end-blown flute began to be seen in illustration in the 11th century. [11] Transverse flutes entered Europe through Byzantium and were depicted in Greek art about 800 AD. [12] The transverse flute had spread into Europe by way of Germany, and was known as the German flute. [12]
Aurignacian flute, 43,000–39,000 years old. Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart. In 2006, the Hohle Fels flute was discovered in the Hohle Fels cave in Germany's Swabian Alb. The flute is made from a vulture radius bone perforated with five finger holes, and dates to approximately 35,000 years ago. [2]
His new flute was first displayed in 1851 at the London Exhibition. [3] In 1871 Boehm published Die Flöte und das Flötenspiel ("The Flute and Flute-Playing"), a treatise on the acoustical, technical and artistic characteristics of the Boehm system flute. [1] Boehm's experience as a goldsmith was a key factor in his ability to redesign the flute.
Boehm's work was inspired by an 1831 concert in London, given by soloist Charles Nicholson, who, with his father in the 1820s, had introduced a flute constructed with larger tone holes than were used in previous designs. This large-holed instrument could produce greater volume of sound than other flutes, and Boehm set out to produce his own ...
In 2008, archaeologists discovered a bone flute in the Hohle Fels cave near Ulm, Germany. [31] [32] [33] The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a vulture wing bone. The researchers involved in the discovery officially published their findings in the journal Nature in June 2009.
In the 1720s, as the transverse flute overtook the recorder in popularity, English adopted the convention already present in other European languages of qualifying the word flute, calling the recorder variously the "common flute", "common English-flute", or simply "English flute" while the transverse instrument was distinguished as the "German ...
The transverse flute arrived in Europe from Asia via the Byzantine Empire, where it migrated to Germany and France. These flutes became known as "German flutes" to distinguish them from others, such as the recorder. [3] The flute became used in court music, along with the viol, and was used in secular music, although only in France and Germany ...
The oldest written sources reveal the Chinese were using the kuan (a reed instrument) and hsio (or xiao, an end-blown flute, often of bamboo) in the 12th-11th centuries b.c., followed by the chi (or ch'ih) in the 9th century b.c. and the yüeh in the 8th century b.c. [3] Of these, the chi is the oldest documented cross flute or transverse flute ...