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The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas [1]), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other.
The rhomboids work collectively with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. Antagonists to this function (upward rotators of the scapulae) are the serratus anterior and lower fibers of the trapezius.
Downward rotation would be prevented by co-contraction of other muscles that elevate the spine, the upper fibers of the trapezius, which is an upward rotator. When the shoulder is fixed, levator scapulae rotates to the same side and flexes the cervical spine laterally.
The serratus anterior is occasionally called the "big swing muscle" or "boxer's muscle" [5] because it is largely responsible for the protraction of the scapula — that is, the pulling of the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch.
Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula Floor of bicipital groove of humerus Teres major: Lower third of lateral border of scapula: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Teres minor: Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation
elevation of the scapula at the shoulders (e.g. shrugging shoulders) include: Levator scapulae muscle; Rhomboid major muscle and Rhomboid minor muscle; Trapezius muscle; elevation of the ribs. Pectoralis minor muscle; Scalene muscles; mandible. Medial pterygoid muscle; upper lip. Levator labii superioris; upper lip and wing of nose
Additional muscle deficits can contraindicate tendon transfer, namely the serratus anterior muscle or the muscles-to-be-transferred themselves. Serratus anterior muscle deficit is another cause of scapular winging and decreases the efficacy of an Eden–Lange procedure, but it can be overcome with a simultaneous pectoralis major transfer .
The upper and lower fibers tend to rotate the scapula around the sternoclavicular articulation so that the acromion and inferior angles move up and the medial border moves down (upward rotation). The upper and lower fibers work in tandem with serratus anterior to upwardly rotate the scapulae, and work in opposition to the levator scapulae and ...