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This usage can be seen in the cis–trans distinction in chemistry, the cis and trans sides of the Golgi apparatus in cellular biology, the ancient Roman term Cisalpine Gaul (i.e. 'Gaul on this side of the Alps'), and Cisjordan (as distinguished from Transjordan). In cisgender, cis-describes the alignment of gender identity with assigned sex ...
Very often, cis–trans stereoisomers contain double bonds or ring structures. In both cases the rotation of bonds is restricted or prevented. [4] When the substituent groups are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the diastereomer is referred to as trans.
Traditionally, double bond stereochemistry was described as either cis (Latin, on this side) or trans (Latin, across), in reference to the relative position of substituents on either side of a double bond. A simple example of cis–trans isomerism is the 1,2-disubstituted ethenes, like the dichloroethene (C 2 H 2 Cl 2) isomers shown below. [7]
There are cis-regulatory and trans-regulatory elements. Cis-regulatory elements are often binding sites for one or more trans-acting factors. To summarize, cis-regulatory elements are present on the same molecule of DNA as the gene they regulate whereas trans-regulatory elements can regulate genes distant from the gene from which they were ...
The descriptors cis (lat. on this side of) [2] and trans (lat. over, beyond) [3] are used in various contexts for the description of chemical configurations: [4] [5] In organic structural chemistry, the configuration of a double bond can be described with cis and trans, in case it has a simple substitution pattern with
Trans-alkenes are about 1 kcal/mol more stable than cis-alkenes. An example of this effect is cis- vs trans-2-butene. The difference is attributed to unfavorable non-bonded interactions in the cis isomer. Terminal alkenes isomerize to internal alkenes in the presence of metal catalysts.
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For ML a 4 L b 2, two isomers exist.These isomers of ML a 4 L b 2 are cis, if the L b ligands are mutually adjacent, and trans, if the L b groups are situated 180° to each other. It was the analysis of such complexes that led Alfred Werner to the 1913 Nobel Prize–winning postulation of octahedral complexes.