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The Oregon Direct Legislation League was an organization of political activists founded by William S. U'Ren in the U.S. state of Oregon in 1898. U'Ren had been politically activated by reading the influential 1893 book Direct Legislation Through the Initiative and Referendum, [1] and the group's founding followed in the wake of the 1896 founding of the National Direct Legislation League, which ...
The most notable political party to take up direct legislation was the People's Party, commonly called the populists. The Populists put direct legislation in their in 1896 platform, [8] and they would later that year win 5 Senate seats and 22 House of Representative seats.
Semi-direct democracies, in which representatives administer day-to-day governance, but the citizens remain the sovereign, allow for three forms of popular action: referendum (plebiscite), initiative, and recall. The first two forms—referendums and initiatives—are examples of direct legislation. [3]
The Oregon System of direct democracy is largely credit to William U'Ren, one time a member of the Populist Party and the founder of the Oregon Direct Legislation League in 1898. U'Ren committed to direct legislation as a way combat corrupt practices in government, using it as a tool to break through the political gridlock in the state legislature.
In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states [1] to place legislation on the ballot for a referendum or popular vote, either enacting new legislation, or voting down existing legislation.
The new legislation includes provisions such as $10 billion in aid to farmers and agriculture subsidies included in the earlier version of the bill — which were considered must-pass provisions ...
John Randolph Haynes (1853–1937) was a prominent California socialist and progressive in the early 20th century who helped steer many of state's reforms. His Direct Democracy League was responsible for the state amendment which brought the reform to the local level and recall of the first public official in state history.
William Simon U'Ren (January 10, 1859 – March 8, 1949) was an American lawyer and political activist. [1] [2] U'Ren promoted and helped pass a corrupt practices act, the presidential primary, and direct election of U.S. senators.