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  2. Acute kidney injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury

    Acute kidney injury is diagnosed on the basis of clinical history and laboratory data. A diagnosis is made when there is a rapid reduction in kidney function , as measured by serum creatinine , or based on a rapid reduction in urine output, termed oliguria (less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for at least 6 hours).

  3. Urea-to-creatinine ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea-to-creatinine_ratio

    BUN only reflects the nitrogen content of urea (MW 28) and urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule (MW 60), urea is just over twice BUN (60/28 = 2.14). In the United States, both quantities are given in mg/dL The ratio may be used to determine the cause of acute kidney injury or dehydration.

  4. Urine electrolyte levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_electrolyte_levels

    Urine electrolyte levels can be measured in a medical laboratory for diagnostic purposes. The urine concentrations of sodium, chlorine and potassium may be used to investigate conditions such as abnormal blood electrolyte levels, acute kidney injury, metabolic alkalosis and hypovolemia.

  5. Fractional excretion of sodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_excretion_of_sodium

    Low fractional excretion indicates sodium retention by the kidney, suggesting pathophysiology extrinsic to the urinary system such as volume depletion or decrease in effective circulating volume (e.g. low output heart failure). Higher values can suggest sodium wasting due to acute tubular necrosis or other

  6. Azotemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotemia

    Renal azotemia (acute kidney failure) typically leads to uremia. It is an intrinsic disease of the kidney, generally the result of kidney parenchymal damage. Causes include kidney failure, glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, or other kidney disease. [3] The BUN:Cr in renal azotemia is less than 15.

  7. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    Assessment of kidney function occurs in different ways, using the presence of symptoms and signs, as well as measurements using urine tests, blood tests, and medical imaging.

  8. Renal angina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_angina

    Renal angina is a clinical methodology to risk stratify patients for the development of persistent and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). [1] The composite of risk factors and early signs of injury for AKI, renal angina is used as a clinical adjunct to help optimize the use of novel AKI biomarker testing.

  9. Metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_acidosis

    Bicarbonate therapy is generally administered In patients with severe acute acidemia (pH < 7.11), or with less severe acidemia (pH 7.1–7.2) who have severe acute kidney injury. Bicarbonate therapy is not recommended for people with less severe acidosis (pH ≥ 7.1), unless severe acute kidney injury is present.