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STEP is based on Alfred Adler's individual psychology and the work of the psychologists Rudolf Dreikurs and Thomas Gordon. An evaluation of the program found that parents who participated in Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) had more positive perceptions of their children and were less likely to abuse them.
Some focus on parents with children from birth to 3 years old (Hamadani et al., 2006), [10] but others are designed for parents with children from 3 upwards. [11] Typically, programmes that focus on the younger age group have a health, nutrition and/or stimulation focus and those for older children have a social, learning and education focus. [3]
Trustful parenting is a child-centered parenting style in which parents trust their children to make decisions, play and explore on their own, and learn from their own mistakes. Research professor Peter Gray argues that trustful parenting was the dominant parenting style in prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies.
Child and Youth Care (CYC) is a profession which focuses on the developmental needs of children and families within the space and time of their daily lives. [1] Child and Youth Care is primarily a way of working with others and practitioners can be found in a variety of roles including direct care, private practice, educator, trainer, writer, supervisor, manager, researcher, and more.
Father and children reading. According to a literature review by Christopher Spera (2005), Darling and Steinberg (1993) suggest that it is important to better understand the differences between parenting styles and parenting practices: "Parenting practices are defined as specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children", while parenting style is "the emotional climate in which ...
Parenting roles in child development have typically focused on the role of the mother. Recent literature, however, has looked toward the father as having an important role in child development. Affirming a role for fathers, studies have shown that children as young as 15 months benefit significantly from substantial engagement with their father.
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Parents play a large role in a child's activities, socialization, and development; having multiple parents can add stability to a child's life and therefore encourage healthy development. [5] Another influential factor in children's development is the quality of their care.