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Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS). [2] They play vital roles in reflexes, neuronal oscillations, [3] and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. [citation needed] Interneurons can be further broken down into two groups: local ...
The sensory neurons involved in smell are called olfactory sensory neurons. These neurons contain receptors, called olfactory receptors, that are activated by odor molecules in the air. The molecules in the air are detected by enlarged cilia and microvilli. [5] These sensory neurons produce action potentials.
Axons from upper motor neurons synapse onto interneurons in the spinal cord and occasionally directly onto lower motor neurons. [3] The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effectors. [4] Types of lower motor neurons are alpha motor neurons, beta motor neurons, and gamma ...
A spinal interneuron, found in the spinal cord, relays signals between (afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons. Different classes of spinal interneurons are involved in the process of sensory-motor integration. [1] Most interneurons are found in the grey column, a region of grey matter in the spinal cord.
The spinal cord is a uniformly organized, cylindrical structure of white and gray matter that is separated into four regions: cervical (C), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), and sacral (S). Each area is made up of many segments. Motor and sensory nerve fibers to and from every area of the body are found in the spinal nerve.
A motor nerve, or efferent nerve, is a nerve that contains exclusively efferent nerve fibers and transmits motor signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles of the body. This is different from the motor neuron , which includes a cell body and branching of dendrites, while the nerve is made up of a bundle of axons.
Afferent neurons convey information from tissues and organs into the central nervous system and are also called sensory neurons. Efferent neurons (motor neurons) transmit signals from the central nervous system to the effector cells. Interneurons connect neurons within specific regions of the central nervous system.
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways , and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception .