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Common quantum logic gates by name (including abbreviation), circuit form(s) and the corresponding unitary matrices. In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.
The qubit-qubit Ising coupling or Heisenberg interaction gates R xx, R yy and R zz are 2-qubit gates that are implemented natively in some trapped-ion quantum computers, using for example the Mølmer–Sørensen gate procedure. [17] [18]
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
The quantum logic gates are reversible unitary transformations on at least one qubit. Multiple qubits taken together are referred to as quantum registers. To define quantum gates, we first need to specify the quantum replacement of an n-bit datum. The quantized version of classical n-bit space {0,1} n is the Hilbert space
Quantum logic gates, building blocks for a quantum circuit in a quantum computer, operate on a set of qubits (a register); mathematically, the qubits undergo a unitary transformation described by multiplying the quantum gates unitary matrix with the quantum state vector. The result from this multiplication is a new quantum state vector.
However, qubits don't give a straightforward 1 or 0 answer, so they can also produce errors more often than a bit would. This is a major problem that needs to be solved in quantum computing.
The classical analog of the CNOT gate is a reversible XOR gate. How the CNOT gate can be used (with Hadamard gates) in a computation.. In computer science, the controlled NOT gate (also C-NOT or CNOT), controlled-X gate, controlled-bit-flip gate, Feynman gate or controlled Pauli-X is a quantum logic gate that is an essential component in the construction of a gate-based quantum computer.
from ket import * a, b = quant (2) # Allocate two quantum bits H (a) # Put qubit `a` in a superposition cnot (a, b) # Entangle the two qubits in the Bell state m_a = measure (a) # Measure qubit `a`, collapsing qubit `b` as well m_b = measure (b) # Measure qubit `b` # Assert that the measurement of both qubits will always be equal assert m_a ...