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Bipolar plate Bipolar plate, conductive plate in a fuel-cell stack that acts as an anode for one cell and a cathode for the adjacent cell. The plate may be made of metal or a conductive polymer (which may be a carbon-filled composite). The plate usually incorporates flow channels for the fluid feeds and may also contain conduits for heat transfer.
Typical Materials; Type of Electrolysis: PEM Electrolysis: Style of membrane/diaphragm: Solid polymer: Bipolar/separator plate material: Titanium or gold and platinum coated titanium: Catalyst material on the anode: Iridium: Catalyst material on the cathode: Platinum: Anode PTL material: Titanium: Cathode PTL material: Carbon paper/carbon fleece
The bipolar plates may be made of different types of materials, such as, metal, coated metal, graphite, flexible graphite, C–C composite, carbon–polymer composites etc. [27] The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is referred to as the heart of the PEMFC and is usually made of a proton-exchange membrane sandwiched between two catalyst-coated ...
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a cheaper material that is used in fuel cell backplates due to its high chemical stability, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. However, defects in the TiN coating can easily lead to corrosion of the underlying material, most commonly steel. [23]
The state-of-the-art diaphragm is Zirfon, a composite material of zirconia and Polysulfone. [12] The diaphragm further avoids the mixing of the produced hydrogen and oxygen at the cathode and anode, [13] [14] respectively. The thickness of asbestos diaphragms ranges from 2 to 5 mm, while Zirfon diaphragms range from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. [11]
The battery stack is typically made of carbon-filled plastic bipolar plates (e.g. 60 cells), and is enclosed into a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) container. The battery can be regarded as an electroplating machine. During charging, zinc is electroplated onto conductive electrodes, while bromine is formed.
Bipolar disorder can also involve depressive episodes, which have the same symptoms that people with major depressive disorder experience. Symptoms of a depressive episode can include:
The bipolar and the monopolar plates are typically carbon-based materials. The monopolar plates are in contact with the respective electrode and the current collector. Bipolar plates separate adjacent cells and are in contact with a positive electrode on one side and a negative electrode on the other. The half-cells are separated by a separator.
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