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Vos originally described Rh-deficiency syndrome in 1961, when a sample of blood failed to respond with several Rh antisera. However, R. Ceppellini used the term "Rhnull" for the first time. So far, at least 43 people from 14 families have been reported in the literature as having the Rhnull phenotype. [4]
Maternal titers are not useful in predicting fetal anemia after the first affected gestation and should not be used for the basis of care. [15] Titers are tested monthly until 24 weeks, after which they are done every 2 weeks. [16] "In only 2 situations are patients not monitored identically to patients who are Rh sensitized.
ICD-10 coding number Diseases Database coding number Medical Subject Headings Iron-deficiency anemia: D50: 6947: Iron-deficiency anemia (or iron deficiency anaemia) is a common anemia that occurs when iron loss (often from intestinal bleeding or menses) occurs, and/or the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient. In such a state ...
The term "Rh Disease" is commonly used to refer to HDFN due to anti-D antibodies, and prior to the discovery of anti-Rh o (D) immune globulin, it was the most common type of HDFN. The disease ranges from mild to severe, and occurs in the second or subsequent pregnancies of Rh-D negative women when the biologic father is Rh-D positive.
Anti-Kell 1 is becoming relatively more important as prevention of Rh disease is also becoming more effective. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell 1) is caused by a mismatch between the Kell antigens of the mother and fetus. About 91% of the population are Kell 1 negative and about 9% are Kell 1 positive.
Kell antigens are important in transfusion medicine, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell). Anti-K is the next most common immune red cell antibody after those in the ABO and Rh system. Anti-K typically presents as IgG class alloantibody.
Rh(D) status of an individual is normally described with a positive (+) or negative (−) suffix after the ABO type (e.g., someone who is A+ has the A antigen and Rh(D) antigen, whereas someone who is A− has the A antigen but lacks the Rh(D) antigen). The terms Rh factor, Rh positive, and Rh negative refer to the Rh(D
Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Idiopathic; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies) Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia Cold agglutinin disease; Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)