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Hypogammaglobulinemia is an immune system disorder in which not enough gamma globulins are produced in the blood (thus hypo-+ gamma + globulin + -emia).This results in a lower antibody count, which impairs the immune system, increasing risk of infection.
If a patient's protein level is very low there could be a possibility that the patient may have a liver or kidney disease since globulins are produced in the liver. There are two different types of blood tests. There is the total protein test or the serum protein electrophoresis which measures the level of each protein in a patient's blood.
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency - Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency is classified as an IgA level below 7mg/dl (0.4375 μmol/L) with normal levels of other immunoglobulins. Some people with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency are prone to infections and develop other autoimmune disorders such as lupus, celiac disease and ...
Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin) to treat several health conditions. [13] [14] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and certain other infections when a ...
Coombs reagent (also known as Coombs antiglobulin or antihuman globulin) is used in both the direct Coombs test and the indirect Coombs test. Coombs reagent is antihuman globulin . It is made by injecting human globulin into animals, which produce polyclonal antibodies specific for human immunoglobulins and human complement system factors.
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is an infusion of horse or rabbit-derived antibodies against human T cells and their precursors , which is used in the prevention and treatment of acute rejection in organ transplantation and therapy of aplastic anemia due to bone marrow insufficiency.
Since the first description of cryoglobulinemia in association with the clinical triad of skin purpura, joint pain, and weakness by Meltzer et al. in 1966, [4] [5] the percentage of cryoglobulinemic diseases described as essential cryoglobulinemia or idiopathic cryoglobulinemia (that is, cryoglobulinemic disease that is unassociated with an underlying disorder) has fallen.
It is unknown what specifically causes infantile transient hypogammaglobulinemia. The following are some of the hypothesized mechanisms: 1) defective T cells that prevent B cells from stimulating the proper synthesis of antibodies; 2) maternal IgG suppresses the production of IgG; 3) low levels of vital cytokines; and 4) genetic variations in families predisposed to immunodeficiency.