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William McIntosh (c. 1775 – April 30, 1825), ... Etommee Tustunnuggee, another Muscogee chief who signed the 1825 treaty, was killed during the raid. [28]
Muscogee cessions in Georgia under the treaty. The treaty that was agreed was negotiated with six chiefs of the Lower Creek, led by William McIntosh.McIntosh agreed to cede all Muscogee lands east of the Chattahoochee River, including the sacred Ocmulgee National Monument, to Georgia and Alabama, and accepted relocation west of the Mississippi River to an equivalent parcel of land along the ...
Nevertheless, on February 12, 1825, McIntosh and other chiefs signed the Treaty of Indian Springs, which gave up most of the remaining Creek lands in Georgia. [84] After the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, McIntosh was assassinated on April 30, 1825, by Creeks led by Menawa.
Many of the most prominent Creek chiefs before the Creek War were "mixed-bloods", like William McGillivray and William McIntosh (who were on opposing sides of the Creek Civil War). Before the Creek War and the War of 1812, most U.S. politicians saw removal to be the only alternative to the assimilation of native peoples into Western culture.
On April 30, 1825, Menawa led a party of 120-150 lawmenders from towns of the ceded land; they executed chief William McIntosh, and Etommee Tustunnuggee, who had alienated communal Creek land without the consent of the National Council. They burned down McIntosh's mansion at Indian Springs, and confiscated his 100 slaves, livestock and produce.
Also killed, according to Amerson, were William Johnson, Jr., 73, and Queen Welch, 76, both of Atlanta. Rabon said it remains under investigation how many people were on the gangway when it collapsed.
After the war, William McIntosh, the military leader of the Lower Creek, a half-white member of the prestigious Wind Clan, established a police force and organized a National Creek Council. The state of Georgia, which initiated the treaty talks in December 1820, had two main goals.
Authorities are investigating the cause of a partial ferry dock collapse on Georgia’s Sapelo Island that turned a day of celebration into tragedy, leaving at least seven dead and six critically ...